SAGE Publications Sage, Los Angeles, pp 82–85ĮUROCONTROL/FAA (2010) Human performance in air traffic management safety: a white paper. In: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society annual meeting, vol 2. Cognit Technol Work 17:163–167Įndsley MR, Rodgers MD (1996) Attention distribution and situation awareness in air traffic control. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, p 400Įndsley MR (2015) Situation awareness: operationally necessary and scientifically grounded. In: Endsley MR, Garland D (eds) Situation awareness analysis and measurement. Hum Factors 37(1):32–64Įndsley MR (2000) Theoretical underpinnings of situation awareness: a critical review. Hum Factors J Hum Factors Ergon Soc 37:65–84Įndsley MR (1995b) Towards a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Dissertation, University of NottinghamĮndsley MR (1995a) Measurement of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Air Traffic Control Q 6:1–20Įdwards T (2013) Human performance in air traffic control. ![]() ĭurso FT, Hackworth CA, Truitt TR, Crutchfield J, Nikolic D, Manning CA (1998) Situation awareness as a predictor of performance for en route air traffic controllers. Cognit Technol Work 4:240–244ĭurso FT, Sethumadhavan A (2008) Situation awareness: understanding dynamic environments. Cognit Technol Work 17:159–161ĭekker SW, Woods DD (2002) MABA-MABA or abracadabra? Progress on human–automation co-ordination. ![]() ĭekker SW (2015) The danger of losing situation awareness. Hum Factors 49:277–291ĭehn DM (2008) Assessing the Impact of Automation on the Air Traffic Controller: The SHAPE Questionnaires. Cognit Technol Work 4:229–239Ĭox-Fuenzalida L-E (2007) Effect of workload history on task performance. Ĭorradini P, Cacciari C (2002) The effect of workload and workshift on air traffic control: a taxonomy of communicative problems. Theor Issues Ergon Sci 13:625–647Ĭhiappe D, Strybel TZ, Vu K-PL (2015) A situated approach to the understanding of dynamic situations. (95)05167-8Ĭhiappe DL, Strybel TZ, Vu K-PL (2012) Mechanisms for the acquisition of situation awareness in situated agents. SAGE Publications Sage CA, Los Angeles, pp 272–276īrookings JB, Wilson GF, Swain CR (1996) Psychophysiological responses to changes in workload during simulated air traffic control. Springer, London, pp 253–265īolstad CA (2001) Situation awareness: does it change with age? In: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society annual meeting, vol 4. In: Cacciabue PC (eds) Modelling driver behaviour in automotive environments. Saf Sci 56:89–95īaumann M, Krems JF (2007) Situation awareness and driving: a cognitive model. ![]() Reliab Eng Syst Saf 96:849–860īacon LP, Strybel TZ (2013) Assessment of the validity and intrusiveness of online-probe questions for situation awareness in a simulated air-traffic-management task with student air-traffic controllers. Int J Ind Ergon 36:623–636Īmbroggi Md, Trucco P (2011) Modelling and assessment of dependent performance shaping factors through analytic network process. The results imply that SA is part of the individual performance and that increasing demand through task load is handled with an adaptation of the control strategy.Īhlstrom U, Friedman-Berg FJ (2006) Using eye movement activity as a correlate of cognitive workload. Control strategies were derived from the information-gathering process via the eye-movement behavior and connected to task load. Findings suggest that probe techniques increase the insight into the understanding of SA in comparison to self-assessment and that they are applicable to the air traffic control environment. SA was measured with a probe technique and an offline self-assessment method. Performance metrics were selected in advance to evaluate the participant’s efficiency. The manipulation of task load and visibility influenced the SA and control strategy at the same time. Different measurements for SA were applied and compared regarding their efficiency and validity. An experiment with nine ATCOs was conducted in a simulated real-time air traffic control environment. This article supports the evaluation of ATCO’s workplaces by focusing on whether probe techniques for assessing SA are applicable for tower control operation and for measuring the influences of increased task load on the control strategy. ![]() As task load increases, controllers are able to maintain performance by using different management or compensation strategies. Especially the influence of task load on their situation awareness (SA) and applied control strategy provides information on the quality of the workplace. A key element in analyzing the ATCOs is their interaction with the environment through their workplace. The ATCOs control the traffic within defined areas by monitoring the traffic and granting clearances. The safe and efficient operation of air traffic is highly dependent on the performance of the Air Traffic Control Officer (ATCO).
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